What to do when breathing stops, and when the heart stops with it: the ways of ventilating a patient by machine or by hand, then CPR step by step. Long questions are rarely set from this chapter; examiners prefer short notes on CPR, the Holger Nielsen method and the negative-pressure methods, and viva questions on the steps of CPR.
Topics, in the book’s order
- Artificial respiration · p. 961 · asked once
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) · pp. 962–963
When you’ve read them: Quiz 113 · Artificial Ventilation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, 14 questions.
After this chapter you should be able to
- explain why CPR matters in clinical medicine, and why every minute counts
- name the methods of artificial ventilation, instrumental and manual
- list the indications for CPR
- explain the physiological principle behind artificial respiration and external cardiac massage
Viva checklist
- What artificial respiration is, and why it must start at once
- Positive vs negative pressure methods, and the drawback of positive pressure
- How the iron lung produces inspiration and expiration
- The manual methods, and which one you would use for an adult, a child and a drowned patient
- Holger Nielsen: the patient’s position, what the arm lift and back pressure do, the rate
- Mouth-to-mouth breathing: the steps and the rate
- The definition and two objectives of CPR
- Five indications for CPR; the two mechanisms of cardiac arrest and its signs
- The three steps of CPR
- What the head tilt–chin lift achieves; when to use the Heimlich maneuver
- External cardiac massage: where, how deep, how fast, what ratio
- Primary therapies of ALS, and why defibrillation must be early
- The adjunctive therapies, with doses
- Signs of cerebral death; the aims of post-resuscitation care